Gas generation was almost unchanged (+0.8%), and because gas was already more expensive than coal in 2021, there was no further switching from gas into coal in 2022. As a result, EU power sector emissions rose by 3.9% (+26 MtCO2) in 2022 compared to 2021. Since coal was less expensive than gas, coal accounted for the majority of the increase, rising 7% (+28 TWh) in 2022, compared to 2021. But the remaining sixth was met by increased fossil generation. Five-sixths of the gap was made up by more wind and solar generation and a fall in electricity demand. This created a large 185 TWh gap in generation, equal to 7% of Europe’s total electricity demand in 2022. A 1-in-500 year drought across Europe led to the lowest level of hydro generation since at least 2000, and there were widespread unexpected French nuclear outages just as German nuclear units were closing. However, the shift away from fossil fuels was put on hold by the twin crises in Europe’s electricity system in 2022.
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